Image reader having electrical and optical means for varying magnification

ABSTRACT

This invention for reading an image of a document employs a optical projection magnification lens for projecting the image of a document; a movable image reading device for transforming the projected image into electrical signals and for providing a focussing adjustment; an electrical magnification process for varying electrically the size of the image projected on the image reading device; and a controller for controlling the optical projection lens, the electrical magnification process, and the movable reading device.

This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 481,359, filed on Feb. 16, 1990, which is a division of U.S. Ser. No. 173,986, filed on Mar. 28, 1988, both abandoned which is a continuation of U.S. Ser. No. 865,894, filed on May 21, 1986, and issued as U.S. Pat. No. 4,771,473 on Sep. 13, 1988.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to an apparatus which can read a document at a desirable magnification.

2. DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART

In an image reader, the density of a document is read with an image sensor and is sent to an external output apparatus such as a printer after being transformed into bi-level data.

In a conventional image reader, the magnification of for reading is varied by processing signals electrically.

In the electrical variation of magnification, image signals from the image sensor are processed electrically so as to enlarge or reduce the image, while the resolution of reading by the image sensor is kept unchanged.

An essential disadvantage in the electrical variation is that an output image is made coarse upon enlarging the image at high magnification because it is enlarged without heightening the resolution of reading.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

An object of the present invention is to provide an image reader which can read an image and maintain resolution even at a high magnification.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an image reader in which the magnification of reading can be varied over a wide range.

A further object of the present invention is to provide an image reader in which an image can be enlarged or reduced optically.

A still further object of the present invention is to provide an image reader in which an image can be enlarged or reduced according to the resolution of a printer connected to the image reader.

According to the present invention there is provided an image reader for reading an image of a document, comprising (1) means for projecting an image of a document optically, which means providing optical magnification variation means for varying a size of the image to be projected optically; (2) an image reading device for transforming a projected document image into electrical signals; (3) means for transforming said electrical signals output from said image reading device into bi-level signals wherein the picture element density of said bi-level signals can be varied; (4) means for designating said picture element density; and (5) means for controlling said optical magnification variation means according to said designated picture element density.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Further objects and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings wherein preferred embodiments of the present invention are clearly shown.

In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a sectional view of an image reader;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an electric circuit of an image reader;

FIG. 3 is a flowchart of the main flow of the variation of magnification;

FIG. 4(a), (b) are flowcharts of the movement of a lens;

FIG. 5 is a flowchart of scan; and

FIG. 6 is a flowchart of the interrupt routine of timer.

DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

In the embodiment of the present invention, the optical variation of magnification will be adopted as far as a magnification to be set in an allowable range wherein the magnification can be set optically. If the magnification to be set is smaller than the allowable range, the optical variation at a magnification of two times the magnification to be set is combined with the optical variation at a magnification of one half of the magnification to be set. In general, the optical variation at a magnification of n (which is preferably a positive integer) times the magnification to be set in the allowable range can be combined with the electrical variation at a magnification of an n-th times the magnification to be set. Further, the optical variation is combined with an electrical variation at a fixed magnification (for example, 1/1, 1/2, etc.) as needed.

Further, the dot density of a printer can be set in the embodiment of the present invention. Therefore, the output signal from the reading can be sent to any printers having a variety of dot densities.

Referring now to the drawings, wherein like reference characters designate corresponding parts through several views, an image reader of an embodiment according to the present invention will be explained in a following order:

(a) Image reader;

(b) Control of image reader;

(c) Main flow of reading at a variable magnification;

(d) Movement of lens; and

(e) Scan.

(a) IMAGE READER

FIG. 1 shows a schematic sectional view of an image reader according to the present invention. A light source for exposure illuminates a document 6 placed on a glass platen 4. The light source of exposure consists of a halogen lamp 2, a concave mirror 8 and a flat mirror 10.

The light reflected from indicia on the document 6 is reflected successively in a scan system or a slider which comprises a first mirror 12, a second mirror 14 and a third mirror 16. Then, it is transmitted on a one-dimensional charge-coupled device (image sensor) 20 through an optical lens assembly 18. The lens assembly is a zoom lens assembly which can vary the magnification of reading continuously.

The charge-coupled device (hereinafter refereed to as CCD) 20 is fixed to a CCD holder 22, which controls the position and the angle of the CCD 20. The CCD holder 22 and the lines 18 are fixed on a carriage 24.

The reading size of an image of the document 6 can be varied continuously by moving the carriage 24 along the direction of the optic axis of the lens 18 by using a motor M2 for the control of magnification.

The focusing can be controlled by moving CCD 20 along the direction of the optic axis by using a motor 26 fixed to the carriage 24.

As is well known, on scanning the document 6, the light source 2, 8, 10 and the first mirror 12 are moved as one body in a direction of an arrow S at a velocity V, while the second and third mirrors 14, 16 are moved as one body in the direction of the arrow S at the velocity of (1/2) V, by using a scan Motor M1 (not shown).

(b) CONTROL OF IMAGE READER

FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of an electric circuit for the control of the image reader.

Various kinds of input and output signals are connected to a microprocessor (hereinafter referred to as CPU) 30. The following input signals are sent into CPU 30. A dot density signal is a signal which designates the resolution of a printer which is connected to the image reader, and the signal corresponds, for example, to a dot reading element density of 240, 330 or 400 dots/inch. A magnification signal is a signal which designates the magnification of reading of an image on the document 6. A start signal is a signal which initiates the action of the reading. The above-mentioned input signals are sent from an operation panel not shown. A lens position signal is generated when the lens 18 located at an initial position where the magnification is one. A slider position signal is generated when the slider locates at a predetermined standard position. A document edge signal is generated when the slider located at a position which corresponds to the leading edge of the document.

The scan motor M1, the lens motor M2 and the focusing motor 26 are all pulse motors, and they are driven by pulse-motor drivers 34, 36 and 50, respectively.

An exposure lamp signal is used for turning on the lamp 2.

An output signal of the image sensor 20 is transformed from an analog signal to a digital one-bit signal by a binarization circuit 38, and the digital signal is sent via an output circuit 40 to an external apparatus (printer) 44. The output circuit 40 sends or stops sending an output signal according to an output control signal received from CPU 30.

When the magnification of 1/2 is designated in the electrical variation of magnification, a 1/2 signal of the output control signal is generated, and binary signals form the binarization circuit 40 are thinned out. In other words, an odd-but line of the binary signals is sent to a memory 42 during a subscan in the longitudinal direction, while an even-bit line of the binary signals is sent via the output circuit 40 to a printer 44 during a main scan in the transverse direction.

(c) MAIN FLOW OF THE READING AT A VARIABLE MAGNIFICATION

FIG. 3 shows a main flow of the reading of at a variable magnification. When the source of electric power is turned on, the image reader is initialized at first (step P1). Next, the lens 18 is returned by the lens motor M2 to the initial position at which the magnification is set to one (step P2), and the slider is returned by the scan motor M1 to the standard position (step P3).

Then, it is decided whether the dot density is changed from the initialized value or not (step P5). The dot density should be adapted according to the specifications of a printer connected to the image reader. If the dot density is changed, the lens 18 is moved by a lens motor M2 to a new position (step P6), and the process returns to step P5.

Next, it is decided whether the magnification is changed from the initialized value, that is, one or not (step P7). If the magnification is changed the lens 18 and CCD 30 are moved to a new position (step P6), and the process returns to step P5. The movement of the lens 18 will be explained in detail in section (d); both changes in dot density and in magnification are processed optically in a range wherein the optical variation is allowed, otherwise the optical variation is combined with the electrical variation in order to achieve a desired resultant magnification.

Then, it is decided whether the start signal is received or not (step P8). If the decision is no, the process returns to step P5. When the start signal is received, a scan for reading the document starts (step P9). The scan will be explained in detail in section (e). When the scan is finished, the process returns to step P5.

(d) MOVEMENT OF LENS

The movement of lens 18 (step P6) will be explained in detail by using a flowchart shown in FIG. 4.

First, the real magnification of the image reader defined as the magnification times dot density/240 is calculated from the designated modification and the dot density of the printer (step P10). The CCD 20 is comprised of pixels that have the capability of changing an optical image into an electrical output representative of the image. Since the pixels of CCD 20 have a fixed physical relationship, varying quantities of these pixels or dots may be illuminated by varying the size of the projected optical image. In this embodiment, the CCD 20 has a standard dot density of 240 dots/inch. With respect to the optical image of an exemplary one inch real object, 240 dots may be illuminated when the optical image is enlarged by a factor of one and 480 dots may be illuminated when the optical image is enlarged by a factor of two. Therefore, a resultant magnifications of one at 240 dots/inch corresponds to a real magnification of one and a resultant magnification of one at 480 dots/inch corresponds to a real magnification of two.

Next, it is decided whether the real magnification is in an allowable range where the optical variation is allowed or not (step P12). If the decision is yes, the 1/2 signal (output control signal) is not sent to the output circuit 40 (step P14). If the real magnification is beyond the allowable range, it is decided next whether the real magnification is larger than a half of the highest value of the allowable range (step P16). If the decision is yes, CPU 30 sends the 1/2 signal to the output circuit 40 (step P18), and the real magnification is set to a half value of the real magnification calculated (step P19). On the other hand, if reduction to the designated magnification is impossible, an instruction indicating that the magnification is to be changed is displayed on the operational panel (step P20), and the process returns to the main flow.

Then, the lens position which corresponds to the real magnification is calculated (step P22), and the distance of the movement of the lens 18 is set as the difference between the present lens position and the new lens position calculated in step P22 (step P24). Next, it is decided whether the distance of the movement is positive or negative (step P26). If the distance is positive, the direction of the movement of the lens 18 is set as an arrow CW shown in FIG. 1 (step P27). If the distance is negative, the sign of the distance of the movement is set as positive (step P28), and the direction of the movement is set as an arrow CCW, shown in FIG. 1, which is the reverse direction of CW (step P29).

The lens motor M2 is a stepping motor, and the movement of the lens 18 can be expressed in a unit of one step. For the driving of the lens motor M2, the present phase is sent to the lens motor M2 (step P30). Next, the lens 18 is moved. After waiting a prescribed time (step P32), a new phase is sent to the lens motor (step P34). Then, the distance of movement is decreased by one (step P36), and it is decided whether the distance becomes zero or not (step P37). If the decision is no, the process returns to step P30, and the lens 18 will be moved further. If the movement of the calculated distance is finished, the lens motor M2 is stopped (step P38). Next, the focusing is controlled by means of the focusing motor 26 so that the difference between the detected density of the black and white pattern of a standard pattern 28 placed on the glass platen 6 becomes a maximum (step P39).

(e) SCAN

The scan of the reading (step P5) will be explained by using a flowchart shown in FIG. 5.

First, the direction of the movement of the scan motor M1 is set as CW, that is, scan direction (step P40). Next, the rate V of the scan motor M1 is calculated for the real magnification (step P42), and the calculated value is set in an interval timer so that timer interrupts are requested per required time interval (step P44). Then, the interrupt is enabled (step P46). The timer interrupt will be explained later by using FIG. 6.

Next, a scan stars. First, the exposure lamp 2 is turned on, and the exposure of a document starts (step P50). Then, the slider is moved by the scan motor M1 till it reaches the leading edge of the document (step P52). When the document edge signal is received (step P52), an output control signal is sent to the output circuit 40, and the output signal of the image sensor 20 begins to be sent to the printer (step P54). Next, it is decided whether a scan of the prescribed distance completed or not (step S56). The prescribed distance has been set from the dot density and the magnification. When the scan completes, the output control signal is stopped so that the output signal of the image sensor 20 is stopped to be sent to the printer (step P58), and the exposure lamp 2 is turned off (step P59).

Then, the slider is returned as follows. The direction of movement of the slider is set as CCW, that is, the return direction (step P60), the rate of M1 for the return is set (step P62), the interval timer is set (step P64), and the movement of the slider is started by the scan motor M1. The process waits until the slider returns to the standard position (step P66). After the slider returns to the standard position and the slider position signal is received by CPU 30, a timer interrupt is forbidden (step P68), the scan motor M1 is stopped (step P69), and the process returns to the main flow.

The timer interrupt on the drive of the scan motor M1 is explained by using a flowchart shown in FIG. 6 as follows. When an interrupt by an interval timer is requested between step P50 and step P68, the present phase of the scan motor M1 is sent to the scan motor M1 (step P80). Then, the next phase for the next interrupt is set in the intercept timer (step P82), where the next phase is determined according to the direction of movement. Then, the process returns to the scan routine.

In the above-mentioned embodiment, the electrical variation of magnification is combined with the optical variation of magnification with the lens 18 if the required reduction of magnification is lower than the minimum value in the allowable range of the optical variation.

Similar to the above, it is also possible, according to the present invention, to combine the optical variation with the electrical variation if such a high magnification larger than the maximum value in the allowable range of the optical variation is designated.

This invention may be practiced or embodied in still other ways without departing from the spirit or essential character thereof. The preferred embodiments described herein are therefore illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims and all variations which come within the meaning of the claims are intended to be embraced therein. 

What is claimed is:
 1. An image reader for reading an image of a document comprising:a platen glass on which a document is placed; optical projection means, having a projection lens and at least one scanning mirror which is movable along the platen glass, for scanning and projecting an image of a document placed on the platen glass through the scanning mirror and the projection lens; an image reading device for receiving the projected image and transforming optical signals into electrical signals; focusing means for independently moving the image reading device relative to said projection lens to adjust a focusing state of an image on the document to be projected thereon; designation means for designating a magnification of an image to be projected; first control means for controlling said optical projection means to change an optical distance defined between said projection lens and said platen glass according to the magnification designated by said designation means, and second control means for controlling said focusing means for adjusting a focusing state according to a change in the optical distance defined between said projection lens and said platen glass.
 2. An image reader according to claim 1, further comprising:binarization means for transforming electrical signals output from said image reading device into bi-level signals wherein the picture element density of said bilevel signals can be varied; means for designating a desirable picture element density, and third control means for controlling said optical projection means in order to vary an optical distance defined between the projection lens and the platen glass to a distance determined based upon said designated picture element density.
 3. An image reader for reading an image of a document comprising:a platen glass on which a document is placed; a projection lens for projecting an image of a document placed on said platen glass; a scanning system including at least one mirror positioned between the platen glass and the projection lens, said scanning system being movable along the platen glass for scanning an image of a document placed on the platen glass; an image reading device for reading the projected image and transforming optical signals into electrical signals; first support means for supporting said image reading device and said projection lens so that the image reading device is independently movable relative to said projection lens, and second support means for supporting said first support means movably so that an optical distance defined between said projection lens and said platen glass can be varied.
 4. An image reader for reading indicia on a document comprising:a platen glass on which a document is placed; optical projection means, having a projection lens, for projecting an image of the indicia on said document through the projection lens; an image reading device for receiving the projected image and for transforming the projected image into electrical signals, the image reading device including a plurality of reading elements having a predetermined reading element density; first designation means for designating a resultant magnification of an image to be projected; first control means for controlling said optical projection means to vary a first optical distance defined between said projection lens and said platen glass according to the resultant magnification designated by said first designation means; binarization means for transforming electrical signals output from said image reading device into bi-level signals wherein the picture element density of said bi-level signals can be varied, the picture element density of said bi-level signals corresponding to a designated number of reading elements per unit dimension of indicia; second designation means for designating a desirable picture element density, and second control means for controlling said optical projection means in order to vary the first optical distance according to said designated picture element density to vary the number of reading elements that correspond to the unit dimension of the indicia.
 5. The image reader of claim 4 further comprising:focusing means for adjusting a focusing state of an image on the document to be projected onto said image reading device by changing a second optical distance defined between said image reading device and said projection lens, and third control means for controlling said focusing means for adjusting a focusing state according to a change in the first optical distance defined between said projection lens and said platen glass.
 6. An image reader for reading indicia on a document and providing a bilevel output signal corresponding thereto comprising:a platen glass on which a document is placed; first designation means for designating a desired resultant magnification of the bilevel output signal; second designation means for designating a desired picture element density of the bilevel output signal; optical projection means, having a projection lens, for projecting an image of the indicia on said document through said projection lens; an image reading device for receiving the projected image and for transforming the projected image into electrical signals, said image reading device including a plurality of reading elements having a predetermined reading element density; binarization means for transforming the electrical signals output from said image reading device into the bi-level output signal; first control means for controlling said optical projection means to vary a first optical distance defined between said projection lens and said platen glass according to the desired resultant magnification designated by said first designation means; and second control means for also controlling said optical projection means to vary the first optical distance according to the desired picture element density by varying the number of reading elements on which a unit dimension of the image is projected whereby both the resultant magnification and the picture element density of the bilevel output signal can be optically varied.
 7. An image reader comprising:a platen glass on which a document is placed; a projection lens for projecting an image of a document placed on the platen glass; a scanning system for scanning an image of a document, said scanning system including a first movable member having a light source and a first mirror, and a second movable member having second and third mirrors, the first and second movable members moving along said platen glass; an image reading device for receiving the image projected by said projection lens and transforming optical signals into electrical signals; support means for supporting said image reading device and said projection lens; designation means for designating a magnification of an image to be projected; means for moving said support means to change an optical distance defined between said platen glass and said projection lens according to the magnification designed by said designation means; and means for moving said image reading device relative to said projection lens on said supporting means to adjust a focusing state according to movement of said supporting means. 